Vocal cord leukoplakia laryngeal speckled leukoplakia epithelial alterations histopathology hyperkeratosis hyperplasia dysplasia. Speckled leukoplakia or erythroluekoplakia leukoplakia with reddish spots usually develops from a uniform white lesion and progresses to become red and ulcerated. Those lesions present particularly in the floor of the mouth, tongue, lip and vermilion have a high risk of malignant potential. Erythroplakia and speckled leukoplakia are oral precancerous lesions that have a high potential for malignant transformation. Two cases of oral speckled leukoplakia with differing behaviour are presented. A digital manual for the early diagnosis of oral neoplasia. There is a strong association with tobacco smoking leukoplakia is six times more common in smokers than nonsmokers and alcohol intake independent of drinking pattern or beverage type.
The condition is thought to be caused by irritation, but the cause is not always known. American journal of pharmacology and pharmacotherapeutics oral leukoerythroplakia a case report. Perkembangan lesi leukoplakia oral dimulai dengan munculnya lesi putih pudar dan rata. Candidal leukoplakia is an uncommon condition found in adults. However, this report described a case of rapid progress, which had malignant. This precancerous lesion ofunknown aetiology requires early diagnosis for proper. Leukoplakia patches can also develop on the female genital area. Modified from ajcc manual for staging of cancer, 1997, ed.
Approximately 3 % of worldwide population has suffered from leukoplakia, 525% of which tend to be malignant leukoplakia. Leukoplakia free download as powerpoint presentation. Speckled and verrucous leukoplakias have a greater risk for malignant transformation than the homogeneous form. The pooled estimated prevalence rate of oral leukoplakia in 2003 varied between 1.
This change in features usually indicates a cancerous oral leukoplakia. But other irritants can cause this condition as well. Murphy memorial veterans administration hospital, san antonio, tex, 78284. Leukoplakia is typically not hazardous, but it often can be serious. Speckled oral leukoplakia definition of speckled oral. Leukoplakia is defined as a white patch or plaque that cannot be ascribed to any other clinical disease. A provisional clinical diagnosis of oral leukoplakia is made when a lesion at the initial clinical examination cannot be clearly diagnosed as any other definable lesion of the oral mucosa with a white appearance. This function is accomplished through a ligation between betacarotene and oxygen, which is an unstable reactive molecule, thus diminishing the damaging effects of free radicals lycopene in vitro experiments have shown the inhibition of the process of human neoplastic cellular growth by lycopene, since this. Looking for online definition of speckled oral leukoplakia in the medical dictionary. Intraoperative consultation upper aerodigestive tract ioc. Conditions that may predispose to malignancy ie oral cancer include. Pdf early detection and treatment of speckled leukoplakia. Leukoplakia first appears as a small, smooth, white spot that cannot be scraped off but develops into a. However, leukoplakia is not limited as an oral disorder alone, as it may also appear in the genital area of the female.
Speckled leukoplakia of the floor of the mouth sciencedirect. Homogeneous areas or speckled areas can be canddidal, which do not rub off nodular lesions. Leukoplakia has various appearances and changes can usually develop on the gums, the inside of cheeks, and the bottom of the mouth as well as often on the tongue and can also appear as. Offers speckled leukoplakia with a product or service that delivers orofacial pain and headache. Although the white color in leukoplakia is a result of hyperkeratosis or acanthosis, similarly appearing white lesions that are caused by reactive keratosis smokers keratosis or frictional keratoses e. Many oral medicine specialists have dental and medical qualifications, and both are now requirements for entry to training that leads to appointment as a consultant in oral. Leukoplakia, management, surgical, nonsurgical treatment, introduction oral leukoplakia ol is the most frequent precancerous lesion of the oral cavity. Review article an update on precancerous lesions of oral cavity goyal d1, goyal p2, singh hp3, verma c4 abstract oral cancer is the most common head and neck cancer, found in 270,000 patients annually worldwide. Leukoplakia causes, pictures, symptoms, treatment, prognosis. The rate of malignant transformation is not definitively known, but reports in the literature range widely from 0. Soames and southam reported mutations of p53 in the cells from dysplastic areas of some leukoplakias who smoke and drink heavily. The surface texture is irregular compared to homogenous leukoplakia, and may be flat papular, nodular or exophytic. Grayish or white patches which can not be wiped away. Epidemiological and clinicopathological study of oral.
Leukoplakia is one of potentially malignant disorders that can be found on oral mucosa. Non homogenous nonhomogenous leukoplakia is a lesion of nonuniform appearance. Leukoplakia genetic and rare diseases information center. A retrospective analysis was conducted to investigate the clinicopathologic features of cases of oral erythroplakia and speckled leukoplakia in patients who were seen at a center specialized in stomatology and histopathological diagnosis of oral diseases. Effect of tobacco on oralhealth an overview although white changes leukoplakia are the most common premalignant lesion, red changes erythroplasia or white changes with a red component speckled leukoplakia.
Offers leukoplakia with a product or service that delivers erythroplakia and speckled leukoplakia. Therefore, it is advised to see the dentist if an individual has persistent, unusual changes in the mouth. American journal of pharmacology and pharmacotherapeutics. Epidemiological and clinicopathological study of oral leukoplakia. Case report of rapidly progressive proliferative verrucous.
The world health organization who first defined oral leukoplakia as a white patch or plaque that could not be characterized clinically or pathologically as any other disease. This is a disorder which is most generally found in the elderly. For this estimated rate, the author stefano petti, in a metaanalysis including 23 primary studies from all over the world published in the period 19862002 found no difference between geographical areas and between younger and older. Banoczy 5 showed that 26 percent of carcinomas developed in speckled leukoplakia, whilst only 2 percent carcinomas developed from theothertype ofleukoplakia. Speckled leukoplakia is a rare type of leukoplakia with a very high risk of premalignant growth.
Oral cancer and precancerous lesions the oral cancer foundation. The color may be predominantly white or a mixed white and red. Early detection and treatment of speckled leukoplakia. Many oral medicine specialists have dental and medical qualifications, and both are now requirements for entry to training that leads to appointment as a consultant in oral medicine. Early detection and treatment of speckled leukoplakia tampoma. Leukoplakia, precancerous tumour of the mucous membranes, usually seen in the mouth or on the tongue or cheeks, but also known to occur on the lips, as well as on the vagina, vulva, or anus. Although the sores can vary in appearance, they are usually white or gray. Those lesions present particularly in the floor of the mouth, tongue, lip and. The main purpose of oral leukoplakia management is to avoid malignant transformation of the lesion or if this happened to detect this in early stages. For this estimated rate, the author stefano petti, in a metaanalysis including 23 primary studies from all over the world published in the period 19862002 found no difference between geographical areas and between younger and older patients. A retrospective analysis was conducted to investigate the clinicopathologic features of cases of oral erythroplakia and speckled leukoplakia in. Leukoplakia is a white or gray patch that develops on the tongue or the inside of the cheek. Learn more about signs and symptoms, when to see a doctor for treatment, and more.
Speckled leukoplakia definition of speckled leukoplakia. Speckled leukoplakia of the floor of the mouth robert m. As mentioned above, most pvl cases processed to malignancy over many years, sometimes 20 years. At a 1983 international seminar, the following definition was proposed. In addition, a recommendation has been made to distinguish between a provisional clinical diagnosis and a definitive one. Nonhomogeneous leukoplakia has an uneven surface which is usually reddish and ulcerated or warty. Leukoplakia oral memiliki penampakan makroskopis berupa bercak putih yang berbatas tegas dan permukaannya sedikit lebih menonjol dibandingkan mukosa mulut normal.
Spectrum of architectural and cytological epithelial changes caused by a gradual accumulation of genetic changes with an increased likelihood of progression to squamous cell carcinoma. Leukoplakia is a condition where white patches or lesions appear in the mouth. Review article an update on precancerous lesions of oral. Archived pdf from the original on 1 november candidal leukoplakia is an uncommon condition found in adults. It is wellknown that epithelial dysplasia is a common feature of speckled leukoplakia. Patients with a clinical diagnosis of erythroplakia or speckled leukoplakia were studied further to gather data on age, sex, tobacco and alcohol consumption, and. The histologic appearance is similar to oral leukoplakia, with hyperkeratosis and possible dysplasia. Leukoplakia is a condition wherein white or gray patches appear in some parts of the mouth, predominantly in the buccal mucosa and the tongue. Leukoplakia has long been known to be a precancerous lesion for oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Leukoplakia could be classified as mucosal disease, and also as a premalignant condition. Leukoplakia is considered has the most common premalignant lesion. Speckled leukoplakia is a rare type of leukoplakia with a very high risk of premalignant. The various treatment modalities include cessation of tobacco and alcohol use, topical application of retinoids, systemic treatment with vitamin a, betacarotene. Chronic hyperplastic candidosiscandidiasis candidal leukoplakia. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia pvl is a rare oral leukoplakia and has four features such as chronic proliferation, multiple occurrences, refractoriness to treatment and high rate of malignant transformation. Leukoplakia is a condition in which thick, white or grayish patches form usually inside your mouth. Term is unrelated to absence or presence of dysplasia at the international seminar on oral leukoplakia and associated lesions related to tobacco habits at malmo,sweden in 1983.
Studies by banoczy and csiba, 4 pindborg et al 5 kramer et. Speckled leukoplakia erythroleukoplakia, has a cancer potential of at least 25%, in some studies as high as 41% 14. It is also associated with betel quid chewing and oral submucous fibrosis how is the diagnosis made. The average percentage of malignant transformation for leukoplakia varies between 4% and 6%. Image exophytic leukoplakia on the buccal mucosa 11. Oral medicine is the specialty of dentistry that sits at the interface between dentistry and medicine. It is the mouths reaction to chronic irritation of the mucous membranes of the mouth. Most patches of leukoplakia are benign, but a small number can show early cancer symptoms, and numerous mouth cancers develop beside the areas of leukoplakia. Craig is project oral diagnostician and coordinator of project field operations at the audie l. Leukoplakia was defined as a white patch or plaque that cannot be characterised clinically or pathologically as any other disease. Leukoplakia is a condition in which thickened, white patches form on the tongue, gums, inside of the cheek, or sometimes on the outer female genitals. Oral leukoplakia ol is a white patch or plaque that cannot be rubbed off, cannot be characterized clinically or histologically as any other condition, and is not associated with any physical or chemical causative agent except tobacco. The term oral erythroplakia is used to describe a red plaque or macular lesion in the mouth for which a specific clinical diagnosis cannot be established.
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